The Risks of Keeping Impacted Wisdom Teeth: What You Need to Know
Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of teeth to emerge in the human mouth, typically appearing between the ages of 17 and 25. While they can sometimes emerge without issues, many people experience complications when their wisdom teeth become impacted. Impacted wisdom teeth occur when there isn’t enough room in the mouth for them to emerge properly, causing them to grow at odd angles or remain trapped beneath the gum line. While some may choose to keep their impacted wisdom teeth, this decision comes with significant risks. Understanding these risks is crucial for maintaining oral health.
What Are Impacted Wisdom Teeth?
Impacted wisdom teeth are those that fail to erupt fully into the mouth due to insufficient space in the jaw or improper alignment. This condition is common, with a majority of people experiencing at least one impacted wisdom tooth. The severity of impaction can vary, with some teeth being partially impacted (breaking through the gum line but not fully) and others being completely trapped within the jawbone.
While not all impacted wisdom teeth cause immediate symptoms, they can lead to a range of complications over time. Recognizing these risks is essential for making informed decisions about their management.
The Risks of Keeping Impacted Wisdom Teeth
- Increased Risk of Infection
One of the most significant risks associated with impacted wisdom teeth is infection. When a wisdom tooth is partially erupted, it creates an opening in the gum line where bacteria can enter. This can lead to an infection known as pericoronitis, which is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain around the affected tooth. If left untreated, the infection can spread to surrounding areas, including the jaw and neck, causing severe complications.
- Wisdom Tooth Decay
Impacted wisdom teeth are more prone to decay than other teeth. Their position at the back of the mouth makes them difficult to clean effectively, allowing food particles and bacteria to accumulate. Over time, this can lead to cavities and wisdom tooth decay. The decay may not be immediately noticeable but can worsen, eventually requiring wisdom teeth extraction.
- Gum Disease
Impacted wisdom teeth can also contribute to gum disease, or periodontal disease. The inability to clean these teeth properly creates a breeding ground for plaque and tartar build-up, which irritates the gums and leads to inflammation. Advanced gum disease can result in gum recession, bone loss, and even tooth loss, affecting overall oral health.
- Cysts and Tumours
In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth can lead to the development of cysts. These fluid-filled sacs form around the tooth’s crown or root and can damage the surrounding bone, teeth, and nerves. Though rare, cysts can sometimes develop into benign tumours, requiring more complex surgical interventions to remove them.
- Damage to Adjacent Teeth
When wisdom teeth grow at an angle, they can push against the neighbouring molars. This pressure can lead to damage to the adjacent teeth, including erosion, cavities, and even root resorption. In severe cases, this can compromise the structural integrity of the adjacent teeth, requiring extensive dental treatment.
- Chronic Wisdom Teeth Pain
Many people with impacted wisdom teeth experience chronic pain or discomfort. This pain may be localized to the back of the jaw or radiate to other areas, such as the ears or head. Wisdom teeth pain can interfere with daily activities and reduce overall quality of life. Over-the-counter pain relievers may provide temporary relief, but they do not address the underlying cause of the pain.
- Sinus Problems
The upper wisdom teeth are located near the sinuses, and their impaction can sometimes lead to sinus issues. The pressure exerted by the growing teeth can cause sinus pain, congestion, and headaches. In rare cases, the roots of the upper wisdom teeth can even protrude into the sinus cavity, exacerbating these problems.
- Crowding and Misalignment
Impacted wisdom teeth can cause crowding of the other teeth, particularly if they exert pressure as they try to emerge. This can undo the results of orthodontic treatments, such as braces, and lead to a misaligned bite. Addressing these alignment issues often requires additional dental procedures.
Management and Treatment Options
The risks associated with impacted wisdom teeth make it clear that proactive management is essential. Depending on the severity of the impaction and the symptoms experienced, dentists may recommend different approaches.
- Regular Monitoring
For asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth, dentists may suggest regular monitoring with X-rays to track any changes in their position or the development of complications. This approach is often chosen for patients who are not experiencing pain or other symptoms.
- Surgical Extraction
If impacted wisdom teeth are causing symptoms or pose a risk to oral health, surgical extraction may be necessary. This procedure involves removing the affected teeth under local or general anaesthesia. While the recovery process can vary, most patients experience significant improvement in their oral health after extraction.
- Preventive Measures
To minimize the risks associated with impacted wisdom teeth, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene. Regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups can help prevent complications such as wisdom tooth decay and gum disease. Additionally, using an antibacterial mouthwash can reduce the risk of infection.
When to Seek Professional Help
It is important to consult a dentist or oral surgeon if you experience any of the following symptoms:
- Persistent pain or discomfort in the back of the jaw
- Swelling or redness around the gums
- Difficulty opening your mouth or chewing
- Unpleasant taste or odor in the mouth
- Sinus pain or pressure
Early intervention can prevent minor issues from escalating into more severe problems, reducing the need for complex treatments.
Bottom Line
Keeping impacted wisdom teeth may seem like a convenient choice, but it comes with significant risks. From wisdom tooth decay and gum disease to chronic pain and infections, the potential complications can have a lasting impact on your oral and overall health. By understanding these risks and seeking timely professional advice, you can make informed decisions about the management of your wisdom teeth. For expert care and advice, consider reaching out to Bayswater Dentist, a trusted provider known for their comprehensive dental services. Proactive care is the key to maintaining a healthy, pain-free smile.